RRI.CO.ID, Jakarta - Indonesia’s mangrove forests now span 3,455,628 hectares, according to the newly ratified 2025 National Mangrove Map, reflecting a modest increase from the previous year.

Director of Terrestrial Ecosystem Protection and Management at the Ministry of Environment/Environmental Control Agency (KLH/BPLH), Puji Iswari, said in Jakarta on Monday, January 19, 2026, that the map was formally established on December 23, 2025, under Ministerial Decree No. 3438.

The mangrove areas are spread across 37 provinces, with Highland Papua the only province without mangroves.

The updated figure marks a rise from 2024, when mangrove coverage was recorded at 3,440,464 hectares. Based on the 2025 map, the provinces with the largest mangrove areas are South Papua (622,288 ha), followed by West Papua (326,666 ha), Central Papua (305,846 ha), East Kalimantan (239,805 ha), and Riau (230,911 ha).

To strengthen protection and management, KLH has introduced the Mangrove Landscape Units (KLM) framework under Government Regulation No. 27/2025 on Mangrove Ecosystem Protection and Management. The initiative is being developed in collaboration with 38 universities nationwide.

Puji explained that KLMs serve as spatially defined units for managing mangrove ecosystems at the downstream level of river basins, shaped by land systems and land–sea interactions that determine suitable substrate and salinity conditions, alongside socio-economic dynamics that influence the habitat.

"KLH/BPLH designated 123 Mangrove Landscape Units through Ministerial Decree No. 3330/2025 on the Indicative Map of Mangrove Landscape Boundaries, covering a total area of 5,205,361 hectares,” Puji said, as quoted by

In 2024, KLM establishment was completed in four provinces of North Sumatra, Riau, East Kalimantan, and North Kalimantan, while in 2025 the process was extended to seven more provinces including Riau Islands, Jambi, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, West Kalimantan, and Southwest Papua.

“By 2026, we aim to finalize KLMs in 26 additional provinces,” Puji said. ***